Perhaps I've missed something obvious but bear with me. So in my reading about RCs over the years, I've noticed that the popular stimulants (eg recently, 3-FPM/4F-MPH, ethylphenidate/isopropylphenidate, & ethyl-hexedrone) generally seem to be analogues or derivatives of the amphetamines or cathinone and positioned as replacements for cocaine/methylphenidate/amphetamine, and all seem to be dopaminergic to some degree.
But that's just one kind of possible class of stimulants, and not even necessarily the most popular kinds of stimulants: the two most popular stimulants in the world are caffeine and nicotine, the latter of which is a acetylcholine agonist affecting the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
[Acetyl]cholinergic drugs aren't unheard of (a good chunk of the nootropics category is choline-related), and even modafinil has derivatives and analogues like fluorenol-hydrafinil.
There are hundreds of RCs coming out practically every year, and nicotinic is a big possible category. (Just avoiding dopaminergic activity would be valuable on its own - addiction is no one's idea of a fun time.)
And there is room for improvement on nicotine; while I like to use it myself, there are at least 3 ways it could be improved for my purposes:
- longer half-life. Unlike adrafinil & armodafinil whose half-lives are too long, nicotine's half-life is irritatingly short, necessitating redosing gum or using patches (which I sometimes forget to take off, damaging my sleep /sigh)
- less cardiovascular effects like higher blood pressure; a potential health concern for regular use
- less potency; for people not addicted effective doses can be in the 2-4mg range. This makes nicotine dangerous in bulk as the LD50 isn't necessarily that big and bulk nicotine oil is not something one wants to mess with, leaving for cheap bulk purchases only vaping fluid which requires, well, vaping.
So: if there are all these nicotine users already, minimal overlap with popular stimulant RCs, and room for improvement on the original nicotine - where are all of the nicotinic RCs?
Why isn't there at least a nicotine analogue with a half-life more like cytisine's 4.8 hours?
As far as I can tell, they don't exist.
Some search turns up mentions that the tobacco industry explored some nicotine analogues for various purposes including less cardiovascular effect (1, 2) but apparently not too seriously and without success (only a 2'-methylnicotine is mentioned as promising).
Searches of research chemical forums like /r/researchchemicals or Bluelight or Shroomery only give me hits which mention regular usage of nicotine; if there are any nicotinic RCs, they're buried under the normalcy of smoking.
Some theories come to mind:
- because tobacco and nicotine are both still legal in almost all jurisdictions, with minor restrictions like age limits, there has been not enough demand for an improved nicotine in the way that there is for a 'legal cocaine' or a 'legal marijuana' or a 'legal ketamine'.
- historical chance: only a few chemists like Shulgin really innovate RCs, following their personal preferences (which often line up with market demand), and none of them happened to be all that interested in nicotine.
- redefinitions, or, the purloined letter: nicotinic RCs do exist, but we generally just call them 'cholinergic nootropics'
Want to add to the discussion?
Post a comment!