Links

Genetics:

• Everything Is Heritable:

  • “The Genetics of Success: How Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Educational Attainment Relate to Life-Course Development”, Belsky et al 2016

  • “Why We’re Different: A Conversation with Robert Plomin” (Plomin takes a victory lap: “It might be hard for people to believe this, but forty years ago it was dangerous to talk about genetic influence in psychology.”)

  • “Demonstrating the validity of twin research in criminology”, Barnes et al 2014

  • “Pleiotropy across academic subjects at the end of compulsory education”, Rimfeld et al 2015; “Genetics affects choice of academic subjects as well as achievement”, Rimfeld et al 2016

  • “The Genetic Basis of Mendelian Phenotypes: Discoveries, Challenges, and Opportunities”, Chong et al 2015 (But enough about common variants & complex traits—how have we been doing in finding the causes of genetic diseases like severe Mendelian diseases? Well.)

  • “A Prospective Study of Sudden Cardiac Death among Children and Young Adults”, Bagnall et al 2016 (Rare genetic mutations implicated in >13% of unexplained cardiac deaths. Makes one wonder how much of the long tail of deaths are due to rare variants, and how much of a benefit there would be to erasing the ~80k mutations everyone carries… (Population genetics rule: rare variants are more harmful than common variants; and 1 harmful mutation, 1 reproductive death to purge it from the population.) Cool application of genetics.)

  • genetics of breast size:

    • “Body mass index and breast size in women: same or different genes?”, Wade et al 2010
    • “Genetic variants associated with breast size also influence breast cancer risk”, Eriksson et al 2012
    • “Large-scale genotyping identifies a new locus at 22q13.2 associated with female breast size”, Li et al 2013

• Recent Evolution:

  • “Assortative mating and differential fertility by phenotype and genotype across the 20th century”, Conley et al 2016 (Dysgenics found in the USA, 1920–1955: the phenotypic correlation of education/​intelligence with fertility is also a genetic one—hence, selection against intelligence. Appendix)

• Engineering:

  • “The Genome Project-Write”, Boeke et al 2016 (media)

Politics/​religion:

• “Wealth, Health, and Child Development: Evidence from Administrative Data on Swedish Lottery Players”, Cesarini et al 2016
• “Okhrana: The Paris Operations of the Russian Imperial Police” (The back and forth secret war of the Okhrana with the myriads of Russian revolutionaries across Europe, documented by the complete archives of the Paris Okhrana office smuggled to America after the Russian Revolution. When you see how easily and thoroughly the Okhrana had infiltrated the Russian revolutionaries, you start to see why the Communist leadership would be extraordinarily paranoid about spies—but also that the revolutionaries were, well before the Revolution, generally highly nasty folks; many of the mentioned revolutionaries would be summarily executed by their comrades.)
• “The Unbelievable Tale of Jesus’s Wife”⁠, King’s response⁠; “Bats on the Ceiling: The Gospel of St. Karen” (The Gospel of Jesus’s Wife is a modern forgery. But it gets weirder. And kinkier. Forgeries like this always raise troubling issues about religious scriptures: if this forgery had been kept in private collections for another century before becoming known, in all likelihood, most of the damning evidence would either have disappeared or become inaccessible, and all that would be left is a few worries over the appearance. Most scriptures have even more vexed provenances than does the Gospel of Jesus’s Wife, with blackouts of centuries not uncommon, and known destruction of variants (eg. the well-known destruction of all variants of the Koran). Of course, you might think, who would dare counterfeit the Word of God Himself? Yet, humans are strange and inscrutable and can talk themselves into anything—why did Fritz do it? And why did King go along so easily and unrepentantly? Probably even they don’t really know. Who knows how many Fritzes there have been throughout history…)
• “My Four Months as a Prison Guard”

AI:

• “Unifying Count-Based Exploration and Intrinsic Motivation”, Bellemare et al 2016 (Video⁠; big exploration improvement for DQN-like agents: where DQN can only get to two rooms in Montezuma’s Revenge, because it takes actions mostly at random and it is unlikely that it will randomly do the 15 or 20 exact moves which will get it a reward, this version, with a way of measuring novelty and exploring novel states until a reward is found, can make it to 15 rooms!)
• “Improved Techniques for Training GANs”, Salimans et al 2016 (Even better image generation at 128px now. Synthesizing art can’t be far off.)
• “InfoGAN: Interpretable Representation Learning by Information Maximizing Generative Adversarial Nets”, Chen et al 2016 (are GANs and VAEs giving us a breakthrough in unsupervised learning?)
• “Early Visual Concept Learning with Unsupervised Deep Learning”, Higgins et al 2016
• “Progressive Neural Networks”, Rusu et al 2016 (NN factored to build different sub-nets for different tasks while allowing later learned tasks to draw on earlier-trained subnets. See also “Actor-Mimic: Deep Multitask and Transfer Reinforcement Learning”, Parisotto et al 2015.)
• “Towards an integration of deep learning and neuroscience”, Marblestone et al 2016
• “DeepMath—Deep Sequence Models for Premise Selection”, Alemi et al 2016
• “Convolutional Sketch Inversion”⁠, G. et al 2016 (facial sketch → illustration)
• “Learning to learn by gradient descent by gradient descent”, Andrychowicz et al 2016 (Replacing simple SGD⁠, Adadelta, RMSprop etc by a tiny RNN⁠. Probably never practical but still amusing.)

Statistics/​meta-science:

• “Generalized Network Psychometrics: Combining Network and Latent Variable Models”, Epskamp et al 2016
• “Statistically Controlling for Confounding Constructs Is Harder than You Think”, Westfall & Yarkoni2016 (This is part of why results in sociology/​epidemiology/​psychology are so unreliable: not only do they usually not control for genetics at all, they don’t even control for the things they think they control for. You have not controlled for SES by throwing in a discretized income variable measured in one year plus a discretized college degree variable. Variables which correlate with or predict some outcome such as poverty, may be doing no more than correcting some measurement error (frequently, due to the heavy genetic loading of most outcomes, correcting the omission of genetic information). This is why within-family designs are desirable even without worries about genetics: they hold constant shared-environment factors so you don’t need to measure or model them. Even a structural equation model (SEM) which explicitly incorporates measurement error may still have enough leakage to render ‘controlling’ misleading. See also Stouffer1936⁠/​Thorndike1942⁠/​Kahneman1965⁠.)
• “Linear Programming: How Does It Work?”

Psychology/​biology:

• “Ann Roe’s scientists: original published papers” (One of the few data sets, excluding TIP/​SMPY⁠, of extremely intelligent people. I am still reading through them but one impression I get is that the education system in America when most of them were growing up around 1910–1920 was grossly inadequate & unchallenging; many of them seem to only drift into their field when they happen to run into a challenging course in college. Quite a few mention incredibly little access to books and severe poverty—although interestingly, they all come from what are clearly middle/​upper-class descent families, even if in some cases they are so poor as to be unable to afford shoes! Smart kids are so much better off these days with Internet access to anything at all they want to read. As I’ve noted in reading biographies of American scientists, the academic environment pre- and post-WWII is strikingly different than the pressure-cooker race to the bottom we are familiar with now. Relative underperformance in grades compared to females is also a running theme. With the chemists and physicists, home chemistry kits seem to have been nigh universal—which is something that sure doesn’t happen these days.)

• “Gifted Today But Not Tomorrow? Longitudinal Changes in Ability and Achievement in Elementary School”, Lohman & Korb2006 (Challenges in gifted education in elementary or earlier: IQ scores are unstable and so regression to the mean implies that few children that young in G&T programs will grow up to be gifted.)

• “Is Education Associated With Improvements in General Cognitive Ability, or in Specific Skills?”, Ritchie et al 2015 (hollowness of IQ gains; see also Westfall & Yarkoni2016)

• “Understanding the Improvement in Disability Free Life Expectancy In the U.S. Elderly Population”, Chernew et al 2016 (Adult disability-free life expectancy continues to increase, due in large part to eye surgery improvements; vision is probably, like falling, the proximate cause of a lot of health issues.)

• “Nicotine Contents in Some Commonly Used Toothpastes and Toothpowders: A Present Scenario”, Agrawal & Ray2012 (/​not sure if harmful or helpful)

• vision:

  • Orthostatic hypotension: when you stand up and feel like you are about to faint & your vision becomes totally obscured by silver mist
  • Visual snow: when you see the world slightly fuzzy and noisily, like very gentle translucent static on a TV screen
  • Closed-eye hallucination with phospenes: when you close your eyes and see a colored background with blobs and lights, especially in a pitch-black room or at night

Technology:

• “Preparing for the Worst: The Space Insurance Market’s Realistic Disaster Scenarios”, Gubby et al 2016
• “37 Million Compilations: Investigating Novice Programming Mistakes in Large-Scale Student Data”, Altadmri & Brown2015 (commentary)
• “Climb Mount Improbable” (JS reimplementation by Mathieu Triay of Dawkin’s evolutionary computation)
• Edward Teller’s “Atom Alphabet” (1946)
• XKCD’s “Missing 11th of the Month” (The treachery of Google Ngrams)

Economics:

• “The Future of Agriculture”
• “Gin, Television, and Social Surplus—Here Comes Everybody” (Clay Shirky⁠; A decade on… Twitch streaming, Minecraft⁠, Snapchat… Not so much wikis or blogs anymore. Still tons of TV, though, especially the poor.)
• Feeder of lice

Philosophy:

• Oceanus’s speech from Hyperion by John Keats

Fiction:

• “Is the Great Attractor a Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann?”, Tomotani2016
• The Neu Jorker (I particularly liked the profile of a woman’s courageous journey towards equestrianism, an investigation into some knotty issues, and a retrospective of the role of capes in NYC’s crime reduction over the past 3 decades.)

Books

Nonfiction:

• The Sports Gene⁠, Epstein
• Genius Revisited: High IQ Children Grown Up, Subotnik et al 1993 (review)

Film/TV

Live-action:

• Bridge of Spies (review)

Anime:

• Basilisk (review)
• Tonari no Seki-kun (review)
• Michiko to Hatchin (review)

Music

Touhou:

• “C.Experiment” (Syrufit/​OCR; C.Experiment {R13}) [post-rock]
• “Prison Sign ‘Restless Confination’” (RD-Sounds; 掲 {R13}) [orchestral]
• “契符「狐憑顕現の祭祀」” (RD-Sounds; 掲 {R13}) [orchestral]
• “夢へと揺られながら” (mameya; 多幸涙雨 {R13}) [classical]
• “目をさませば幻想郷” (mameya; 多幸涙雨 {R13}) [classical]
• “雨垂れ拍子は誰が為に” (Foxtail-Grass Studio; Kazegatari. {R13}) [folk/​traditional]
• “眠れぬ浮世の月明り” (Foxtail-Grass Studio; Kazegatari. {R13}) [folk/​traditional]
• “signification” (m@rk feat. 灯下はこ、; レタレイト {R13}) [trance]
• “by your side” (Syrufit feat. Cathy; C.Experiment {R13}) [electronic]
• “Lunatic Princess” (Syrufit feat. Cathy; C.Experiment {R13}) [electronic]
• “Lævateinn” (denshūto; Sungrazer {2013}) [metal]
• “Shrimp and avocado salad” (Baguettes Ensemble; Toho Jazz Sessions type SPB2 {R13}) [jazz]

Vocaloid:

• “Reincarnation” (Rin; JevanniP {2009}) [trance]

A cappella:

• “Thomas Gemma Cantuarie” (Hilliard Ensemble; Medieval English Music) [Renaissance]