Qalb (programming language): Difference between revisions
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'''قلب''' ({{IPA-all|ʔalb|Levantine Arabic:}}), transliterated '''''Qalb''''', '''''Qlb''''' and '''''Alb''''', is a [[functional programming]] language allowing a programmer to write programs completely in [[Arabic language|Arabic]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/01/25/arabic_programming_language | title = Meet قلب, the programming language that uses Arabic script | access-date = 2013-02-06}}</ref> Its name means ''heart'' and is a [[recursive acronym]] in Arabic meaning '' |
'''قلب''' ({{IPA-all|ʔalb|Levantine Arabic:}}), transliterated '''''Qalb''''', '''''Qlb''''' and '''''Alb''''', is a [[functional programming]] language allowing a programmer to write programs completely in [[Arabic language|Arabic]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/01/25/arabic_programming_language | title = Meet قلب, the programming language that uses Arabic script | access-date = 2013-02-06}}</ref> Its name means ''heart'' and is a [[recursive acronym]] in Arabic meaning ''Qalb: A Language for Programming'' ({{lang|ar|قلب: لغة برمجة}}, ''{{transl|ar|Qlb: Lughat Barmajah}}''). It was developed in 2012 by Ramsey Nasser, a computer scientist at the [[Eyebeam Art and Technology Center|Eyebeam Art + Technology Center]] in [[New York City]], as both an artistic endeavor and as a response to the Anglophone bias in the vast majority of programming languages, which express their fundamental concepts using [[English language|English]] words. |
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The syntax is like that of [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]] or [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]], consisting of parenthesized [[list (programming)|lists]]. All keywords are appropriate Arabic terms, and program text is laid out right-to-left, like all [[Arabic writing|Arabic text]]. Specifically, the Arabic used is [[Lebanese Arabic]], as is evident by the use of {{lang|apc|قول}} instead of the [[Modern Standard Arabic]] {{lang|ar|قل}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=an Arabic typo · Issue #8 · nasser/--- · GitHub |url=https://github.com/nasser/---/issues/8#issuecomment-12755608 |quote="The current version is in Lebanese Arabic by design, future versions will be in Standard and قول will be changed to قل." |last=Nasser |first=Ramsey}}</ref> The language provides a minimal set of primitives for defining [[subroutine|functions]], [[conditional (programming)|conditionals]], [[loop (programming)|looping]], list manipulation, and basic arithmetic [[expression (programming)|expressions]]. It is [[Turing-complete]], and the [[Fibonacci sequence]] and [[Conway's Game of Life]] have been implemented. |
The syntax is like that of [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]] or [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]], consisting of parenthesized [[list (programming)|lists]]. All keywords are appropriate Arabic terms, and program text is laid out right-to-left, like all [[Arabic writing|Arabic text]]. Specifically, the Arabic used is [[Lebanese Arabic]], as is evident by the use of {{lang|apc|قول}} instead of the [[Modern Standard Arabic]] {{lang|ar|قل}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=an Arabic typo · Issue #8 · nasser/--- · GitHub |url=https://github.com/nasser/---/issues/8#issuecomment-12755608 |quote="The current version is in Lebanese Arabic by design, future versions will be in Standard and قول will be changed to قل." |last=Nasser |first=Ramsey}}</ref> The language provides a minimal set of primitives for defining [[subroutine|functions]], [[conditional (programming)|conditionals]], [[loop (programming)|looping]], list manipulation, and basic arithmetic [[expression (programming)|expressions]]. It is [[Turing-complete]], and the [[Fibonacci sequence]] and [[Conway's Game of Life]] have been implemented. |
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Revision as of 21:34, 12 April 2023
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2013) |
| Paradigm | Functional |
|---|---|
| Designed by | Ramsey Nasser |
| First appeared | 2012 |
| Website | qlb-repl |
| Influenced by | |
| Scheme | |
قلب (Levantine Arabic: [ʔalb]), transliterated Qalb, Qlb and Alb, is a functional programming language allowing a programmer to write programs completely in Arabic.[1] Its name means heart and is a recursive acronym in Arabic meaning Qalb: A Language for Programming (قلب: لغة برمجة, Qlb: Lughat Barmajah). It was developed in 2012 by Ramsey Nasser, a computer scientist at the Eyebeam Art + Technology Center in New York City, as both an artistic endeavor and as a response to the Anglophone bias in the vast majority of programming languages, which express their fundamental concepts using English words.
The syntax is like that of Lisp or Scheme, consisting of parenthesized lists. All keywords are appropriate Arabic terms, and program text is laid out right-to-left, like all Arabic text. Specifically, the Arabic used is Lebanese Arabic, as is evident by the use of قول instead of the Modern Standard Arabic قل.[2] The language provides a minimal set of primitives for defining functions, conditionals, looping, list manipulation, and basic arithmetic expressions. It is Turing-complete, and the Fibonacci sequence and Conway's Game of Life have been implemented.
Because all program text is written in Arabic, and the connecting strokes between characters in the Arabic script can be extended to any length, it is possible to align the source code in artistic patterns, in the tradition of Arabic calligraphy.
A JavaScript-based interpreter is currently hosted on herokuapp and the project can be forked on GitHub.[3]
Hello world
(قول "مرحبا يا عالم")
(قول "Hello, world")
References
- ^ "Meet قلب, the programming language that uses Arabic script". Retrieved 2013-02-06.
- ^ Nasser, Ramsey. "an Arabic typo · Issue #8 · nasser/--- · GitHub".
The current version is in Lebanese Arabic by design, future versions will be in Standard and قول will be changed to قل.
- ^ قلب: لغة برمجة on GitHub
Further reading
- Smith IV, Jack (14 December 2015). "This Arabic Programming Language Shows How Computers Revolve Around the Western World". Tech.Mic. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
External links
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