- Personal
- Contact
- Collaboration style
- Coding contributions
- Darcs
- XMonad
- Yi
- Lambdabot
- Gitit
- Mueval
- wp-archivebot
- archiver
- Change-monger
- Base libraries
- Autoproc
- Frag
- HalFS
- Shu-thing, Monadius
- Hint
- Hlint
- Pugs
- ZFS
- Greencard
- ArrayRef
- Hashell
- QuickCheck
- GenI
- HArchive
- HaLeX
- HTF
- PArrows
- Baskell
- Mage
- Haskell In Space
- Smallcheck
- Topkata
- HsSyck
- HList
- flow2dot
- hinvaders
- Whim
- Tagsoup
- The others & the rest
This page is about me; for information about gwern.net, see About.
Personal
A transition from an author’s book to his conversation, is too often like an entrance into a large city, after a distant prospect. Remotely, we see nothing but spires of temples and turrets of palaces, and imagine it the residence of splendour, grandeur and magnificence; but when we have passed the gates, we find it perplexed with narrow passages, disgraced with despicable cottages, embarrassed with obstructions, and clouded with smoke.1
Behind a remarkable scholar one often finds a mediocre man, and behind a mediocre artist, often, a very remarkable man.2
I am a freelance writer & researcher. I have worked for MIRI3 (formerly SIAI), CFAR, A Global Village, Quantimodo, New World Encyclopedia, Bitcoin Weekly and private clients; everything on gwern.net should be considered my own viewpoint or writing unless otherwise specified by a representative or publication. If you are interested in hiring me, see contacting me.
Websites
Social news, discussion:
4I don’t speak
, Bijaz said.I operate a machine called language. It creaks and groans, but is mine own.
- LessWrong.com: my submitted posts56 & comments (by score)
- Reddit: my submissions & comments (by score)
- Google: Google+ (OPML of RSS feeds)
- Hacker News: submissions & comments
- Books: Goodreads (Read by top rating; export)
- PredictionBook
- Evernotes -(clippings/references/citations)
- MyAnimeList ratings: anime (XML) / manga (XML)
- LastFM (music)
- Dragon Go profile (turn-based Go; need to be logged in)
I have a theme song (MP3), courtesy of David Gerard7
I have no connection to the French singer or with gwern.com, any locations in Wales, the gwern on MySpace, or either account on Pivory.com (which are connected to an attempted extortion of me).
Wikis
I have been active on the English Wikipedia and related projects since January 2004. Cumulatively8, I have over 90,000 edits and have written or worked on hundreds of articles; during my time as an English administrator, I performed thousands of administrative actions; I am an admin on the Haskell wiki, handling routine spam & vandalism:
I also run a custom Google search tool at Wikipedia Reliable Sources for anime & manga
; this is a custom Google search with >4542 websites on its black and whitelists. (The source/lists are publicly available & updated every 3 months.) It returns much more useful9 results for topics in popular culture, and as the name suggests, anime & manga in particular.
Mailing lists
- Dual N-Back, Brain Training & Intelligence (see DNB FAQ)
Haskell:
- Darcs: users/devel
- Haskell libraries
- Haskell-cafe
- XMonad
- Yi
- mnemosyne-proj-users (see Spaced repetition)
- SL4
MOOCs
Finished:
- Google
Power Searching
(2012); review: negative (I am probably too good at searching to benefit much from it) - CMU
Probability & Statistics
(2012); review: positive - Code School
Try R
(2012); review: mixed (very short, basic introduction; cool interface, but my R knowledge was already past it) - MRU Development Economics (2012-2013); review: mixed
- Coursera
Data Analysis
(2013); review: positive
Incomplete:
- SICP (2009-)
Abandoned:
- Coursera
Drugs and the Brain
(2012); review: negative - Coursera
Probabilistic Graphical Models
(2013); as hard as its reputation (I couldn’t handle the material and learning Octave) but I hope to try again in the future
Profile
This section covers some of the most important things possible to know about me: my personality and mental description. No doubt some readers expected a carefully airbrushed & potted biography describing where & when I was raised, what my familial & tribal affiliations are, or what famous institutions I am affiliated with; even though this information is almost entirely useless - what can one predict about me if one knows that I was born in Illinois and raised on Long Island, but (maybe) my accent and a general liberalism? The irony - that people want most the information they will learn from least - will not be lost on those familiar with signaling. In contrast, standardized & validated psychometric instruments like the NEO-PI-R or RAPM really do have predictive validity for many life outcomes.
(Much of this data comes from YourMorals.org. I plan to retake the surveys, if possible, every decade; it will be interesting to see what changes.)
Personality
My scores on the Big 5 Personality Inventory
, short/long 1/2/3:
- Openness to Experience10: high (short) or 87/87th percentile (long)
- Conscientiousness11: medium or 64/69th
- Extraversion12: low or 6/7th percentile
- Agreeableness13: medium-low or 3/3rd percentile
- Neuroticism14: medium-low or 16/13th percentile
For those who enjoy playing the game of ad hominem via lay psychiatric diagnosis
, may I suggest not accusing me of Asperger syndrome - which is so overdone - but something more novel & scary-sounding like schizoid personality disorder?
Philosophy/morals
The relevant results
Moral Foundations Questionnaire
Moral Foundations Sacredness Scale
Ethics Positions Questionnaire
Moral Identity Scale
Schwartz Value Survey
The Disgust Scale
Morality and Relationships Questionnaire
- Business ethics
Politics
IQ
At the risk of alienating readers even further, I will reveal that I have taken IQ tests 3 times that I know of:
- At some point in 3rd-5th grade, I took the Abbreviated Stanford-Binet and scored ~135. (I came across the report cleaning up a room as a child and could not keep it.)
- In February 2009, for the purpose of a before-after dual n-back comparison, I took the Raven’s test at
http://www.iqtest.dk/and scored 115. (Others report they too received low scores.) - On 5 August 2011, I signed up for and took the entrance survey to the prediction-contest Good Judgment Project; the survey included among other things a short Raven’s test. My survey results include the raw data but not any norm: of the 12 questions, I got 8, while the mean among participants was 8.81 and the SD 2.39.
Other ways to approximate IQ are standardized tests which are heavily g-loaded; they are broadly consistent with the 130s decile:
- 2004 SAT: 800V/700M (conversion)
- 2004 ACT: 32
- 2009 GRE: 730V/680M/5.5W (conversion)
Contact
- Email: [email protected]
- Bitcoin:
1As7k9MSuu5JwHr5qZrNibCmGVMHUrRpcN(canonical address; used for#bitcoin-otctrading) - PGP key (mirror; fingerprint: F7E5D682)
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Collaboration style
Once on #haskell, I was asked why I have no large programs to my credit; I replied, My problem is that most programs I use already exist.
I am not a bad Haskell programmer (although I am no guru like Simon Peyton-Jones, Apfelmus, or Don Stewart), but given how long I’ve been using Haskell, my contributions probably look pretty slim. This isn’t because I don’t like Haskell - I do, I find functional programming natural: defining transformation after transformation until the result is what I need. And of the functional languages, Haskell seems the best combination of power beyond basic arithmetic or list processing, one of the best ecosystems, and good basic language. (Which is not to say it’s perfect: there are some sharp edges in the basic math which irritate me when I’m messing around in the REPL.)
This is partly because of my style of contribution. I’ve always preferred to work on existing applications and libraries than to go write my own. I’ve always preferred to take someone else’s work and bring it up to snuff than write a clean implementation of my own. I’ve always preferred prodding the author or maintainer to do the right thing than to drop a large batch of patches onto them. Likewise, I view it as superior to use Haskell standards like Cabal or Darcs than to use something like Autotools even if the latter lets us manage just a little more automation. I view it as superior to upload to Hackage than to use any fancy site like Github or Sourceforge.
It’s better to do yeoman’s work taking two similar modules in two applications and split them out to a library than to write even the fanciest purely functional finger tree using monoids. Better to commit changes that reduce user configs by a line than to demonstrate once again the elegance of monads. Better by far to file a bug than wank around in #haskell golfing expressions.
It is much better to find some people who have tried in the past to solve a problem and bring them together to solve it, than to solve it yourself - even if it means being a footnote (or less) in the announcement. What’s important is that it got done, and people will be using it. Not the credit. It is a high accomplishment indeed to factor out a bit of functionality into a library and make every possible user actually use it. Would that more Haskellers had this mindset! Indeed, would that more people in general had this mindset; as it is, people have bad habits of repeatedly failing when they think they have special information, are highly overconfident even in objective areas with quick feedback, and badly overestimate how many good ideas they can come up with15 - indeed, most good ideas are Not Invented Here. One should be able to draw upon the wisdom of others.
This is an ethos I learned working with the inclusionists of Wikipedia. No code is so bad that it contains no good; the most valuable code is that used by other code; credit is less important than work; a steady stream of small trivial improvements is superior to occasional massive edits.
A leader is best when people barely know that he exists, not so good when people obey and acclaim him, worst when they despise him. Fail to honor people, They fail to honor you. But of a good leader, who talks little, when his work is done, his aims fulfilled, they will all say,
We did this ourselves.16
This is not an ethos calculated to impress. Filing bug reports, helping newbies, commenting on articles and code, cabalizing & uploading code - these are things hard to evaluate or take credit for. They are useful, useful indeed (shepheb or, eg. myself, never boast in #xmonad of having helped 5 newbies today, but over the months and years, this friendliness and ready aid is of greater value than any module in all of XMonadContrib.) but they will never impress an interviewer or earn a fellowship. Is that too bad? Did I waste all my time?
I don’t think so. I value my contributions, and the Haskell community is better for it. It may have made my life a little more difficult - all that time spent on Haskell matters is time I did not devote to classes or jobs or what-have-you - but ultimately they did help somebody. One could do worse things with one’s time than that.
Coding contributions
I mostly contribute to projects in Haskell, my favorite language; I have contributed to non-Haskell projects such as StumpWM, Mnemosyne, GNU Emacs17 etc. but not in major ways, so I do not list them here:
Darcs
- Switched from FastPackedStrings to ByteStrings
- Low-level C optimization
- Initiated Cabalization (my work initially appeared as darcs-cabalized and then was merged into HEAD and
darcs-cabalizeddeprecated) - Refactoring of shell tests
- Initiated switch from MoinMoin wiki to Gitit
- Identified performance issue & instigated addition of
--max-countoption for Filestore
XMonad
- regular XMonadContrib patch reviews
- Config archive downloader
- Contributed modules:
- XMonad.Util.Paste
- XMonad.Actions.Search
- XMonad.Actions.WindowGo
- XMonad.Util.XSelection
- Maintain previous18
Yi
- Contributed modules:
- Yi.IReader
- Yi.Mode.IReader
- Yi.Hoogle
- Improved Emacs keybindings
- Initiated
Unicodify
orPretty Lambdas
feature for Haskell syntax highlighting - Added movement-related functions for improved incremental search
- Cleanup19
- Comment support to cabal-mode
Lambdabot
- (Re)Cabalized20
- Adapted to use Mueval
- Refactored out code in multiple packages:
- Implemented run-in-any-directory functionality (previously Lambdabot could only run in the repository directory)
- Cleanup
- Maintain it (with Cale Gibbard)
Gitit
- Wrote Darcs backend (which was moved to the filestore package and became Data.FileStore.Darcs)
- Did some optimization work (images, JavaScript & CSS minification, wrote gzip encoding & initiated expire headers, JS relocation, fewer calls to expensive filestore functions)
- Wrote RSS support
- Wrote Interwiki plugin
- Wrote Date plugin
- Wrote WebArchiver & WebArchiverBot plugins (see later archiver standalone tool/library)
- Wrote Unicode plugin
- Wrote HCAR entry
- Misc. bug reports & suggestions
- Added PDF export functionality
- Integrated JQuery-based floating footnotes
Filestore
- Instigated its development/use in Gitit & Orchid
- Maintain the Darcs backend (debug & optimize)
Mueval
- Wrote and maintain it
wp-archivebot
- Wrote and maintain it (see
http://www.haskell.org/pipermail/haskell/2009-June/021388.html)
archiver
- Wrote and maintain it (see
http://www.haskell.org/pipermail/haskell-cafe/2010-December/087158.html)
Change-monger
- Wrote and maintain it
Base libraries
Base
- Added
Control.Monad.void - Helped replace
Data.List.sortwith YHC’s more efficient implementation (seehttp://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/2143) - Improved
System.Environmentdoc
Unix
- fixed a possible runtime crash in
mkstemp - added
mkstempdocs
Autoproc
- Cleanup
- Improved basic functionality
- Implemented an XMonad-style reload system to allow actual customization
- Maintain it
Frag
- Updated for GHC 6.8 & 6.1021
- Cleanup
- Replaced the non-Free level data and graphics with Free ones
HalFS
- Updated
- Improved cabalization
Shu-thing, Monadius
- Linux portability fixes
- Cabalized
- Cleanup
Hint
- Improved examples, docs
- Added UTF8 support
- Made use ghc-paths library
- Enabled QuickCheck support
- Added GHC-options support
Hlint
- added GHCi integration
Pugs
- Cleaned up their third-party modules
- Fixed up various Cabal issues
- Helped maintain it
ZFS
- Cabalized
- Cleanup
Greencard
- Updated
- Cabalized & did the package split
ArrayRef
- Cabalized
- Cleanup
- Updated
Hashell
- Updated for 6.8’s GHC API
- Cleanup
- Cabalized
QuickCheck
- Prototyped the Data.Complex instance
GenI
- Improved Cabalization
HArchive
- Cabalized
HaLeX
- Cabalized
HTF
- Cabalized
PArrows
- Cabalized
Baskell
- Cabalized
Mage
- Cabalized
- Cleanup
Haskell In Space
- Cabalized
- Cleanup
- Updated
Smallcheck
- Cabalized
Topkata
- Improved Cabalization
HsSyck
- ByteString updates
- Improved cabalization
HList
- Updated
- Cabalized
flow2dot
- Updated
hinvaders
- Cabalized
- Updated
Whim
- Cabalized whim
Tagsoup
- replaced old custom HTTP download code with standard library functions
The others & the rest
I cabalized and/or uploaded (according to the Hackage upload log):
- Barracuda
- DBus
- DisTract
- DrIFT-cabalized
- FermatsLastMargin
- Flippi
- HFuse
- HRay
- Hashell
- HsJudy
- TypeIlluminator
- ZMachine
- adhoc-network
- bio
blockio- botpp
child- clustertools
- condorcet
- conjure
- dephd
- estreps
- fst
- genericserialize
- goa
- greencard & greencard-lib
- harp
- haskell-src-exts
- helisp
- hetris
- hgeometric
- highWaterMark
- hinstaller
- hjs
- hopenssl
- hs-fltk
- hscurses
- hsdip
- hsdns
- hsdns
- hsemail
- hsgnutls
- hsgnutls
- hsntp
- hsp
- hspr-sh
- hybrid
- infix
- interlude
- ivor
- lazysmallcheck
- linkchk
- mohws
monadenv- mpdmate
- nanocurses
- nymphaea
- pesca
- pkcs1
- plugins
- popenhs
- powermate
- pugs-HsSyck
- pugs-hsregex
- rbr
- reify
- roguestar-engine
- roguestar-gl
- rsagl
- simseq
- smallcheck
- tetris
- thih
- trhsx
- type-equality-check
- vty
- xml-parsec
- xml2x
- xmonad-utils
- xsact
- yi-gtk
- yi-vty
Dr. Samuel Johnson; The Rambler, No. 14 (5 May 1750). This is a literary way of saying I am not as interesting as my writings, and in some respect, it should not matter who I am or what I have done because argument screens off authority.↩
#137,
Part 2: The Free Spirit
, Friedrich Nietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future↩When I say
research assistant
, I mean it in the older sense of someone who does detail work for another person’s original research - so I spend a lot of time reading up on specific areas and making notes about stuff my boss needs, and only occasionally do independent work. Not all my work can be made public, but some of it is. A partial list in rough chronological order:
One of my first projects was working on this paper - digging up citations for various claims and giving general feedback; most of my changes or comments are private when we switched to working through Google Docs, but some of my initial comments were public.Intelligence Explosion: Evidence and Import
, Muehlhauser & Salamon 2012?- finding predictions/estimates for whole-genome sequencing costs
Summarizing some of the existing research; besides being intrinsically interesting, this is also relevant to computer intelligence - if achievement is just a reflection of IQ, then any computer intelligence will improve on humans only to the extent it has greater raw intelligence, but if achievement is limited past 130s IQ, then the picture becomes more complex. (Computer intelligence may be far superior than predicted for a given intelligence level because there’s no obvious reason you couldn’t easily make itsThe Personality of (great/creative) Scientists: Open and Conscientious
personality
very open-minded - it not really being clear that truly random exploration and computing power don’t yield creativity in some fields already - and a computer can be tireless and self-disciplined, which takes care of Conscientiousness. On the other hand, Openness and Conscientiousness may correspond to very subtle high-level dynamics which can’t be easily designed into an AI and can’t be produced by throwing computing power at the problem, in which case the AI will underperform whatever measure of intelligence we ultimately use, like AIXI-style IQ tests.)- Some quick notes on remote monitoring software SIAI could use to monitor freelancers such as myself. (It’s a good thing, really - trust but verify.)
- Some info on the big Beijing genomics project, and estimates about personality and IQ, and past Chinese abuse of genetic information
- A detailed examination of one cognitive bias asking whether it has been misinterpreted as a problem for individuals.
Philosophy essay summarizing and attempting to analyze a recent class of objections to utilitarianism (that one cannot judge utilities of lives, and hence the utilitarian ethical project is impossible).Against Utilitarianism: Sobel’s attack on judging lives’ goodness
Neuroscience additions to Wikipedia; I had a hard time finding references for a SIAI paper, and donated my results to Wikipedia so at least no one else has to suffer so much:
- Exactly how big are chimpanzee & human brains, anyway?
- Primate and human brain size correlates with IQ (No, really. The correlation isn’t terribly big, though.)
- Rat IQ (mixed evidence, thankfully)
- Not really enough data to do anything but point out problems for reliable assessment. My subjective impression is that polyamory is complex enough that it may not be a good idea even for polyamorists.
- The main alternative scenario to a Singularity is a sort of broad technological stagnation, where occasional S-curves make a field very interesting for a while, but overall we know how to do far more cool things than we can actually profit or afford to do said cool things.
Spin off fromCashing Out Cognitive Biases as Behavior
Are Sunk Costs Fallacies?
- 2 studies examining consequences in personal life from vulnerability to cognitive biases in questionnaires- A simple email experiment on making applicants feel that their admission test is not a waste of time: they seem to do better work.
- Geopolitical intelligence failures - notes from some reading in the history of intelligence failures
Against Utilitarianism: Sobel’s attack on judging lives’ goodness
Notes on the Psychology of Power
Notes on Psychopathy
The following is a list of my submissions to LW I regard as substantive or particularly good, excluding content which can be found on
gwern.net, in chronological order with interesting ones highlighted:Poker Playing
Lifelogging: the recording device
AIXI-style IQ tests
Is Kiryas Joel an Unhappy Place?
SL4 META: list closure 2 month followup
Life extension:
(Philosophical) Disagreements are not Rational
followup:A good volunteer is hard to find
Experiment: a good researcher is hard to find
On the unpopularity of cryonics: life sucks, but at least then you die
How to be Deader than Dead
Case Study: Reading Edge’s financial filings
Atheism & autism spectrum
Stanislav Petrov Day
Not By Empathy Alone
On the Openness personality trait &
rationality
Social status & testosterone
Amanda Knox: post mortem
Cryonics costs: given estimates are low
JET paper reviews:
Does Hyperbolic Discounting Really Exist?
Cryonics is Far, Cord-blood is Near
Inverse p-zombies: the other direction in the Hard Problem of Consciousness
The Personality of (great/creative) Scientists: Open and Conscientious
The Conditional Fallacy in Contemporary Philosophy
Cashing Out Cognitive Biases as Behavior
On the etiology of religious belief
To Learn Critical Thinking, Study Critical Thinking
-(general philosophy studies are not as efficient in improving critical thinking as critical thinking courses)Against NHST
-(the statistical controversies over the p-value paradigm)
Of course, I don’t agree with every SIAI or LW position! The intellectual homogeneity has been much over-estimated by outsiders who have not bothered to look at the annual surveys, I think. Here are some major points for me:
- MWI: I think that LWers who were persuaded by Eliezer’s MWI writings are wrong to do so, as they are unfamiliar with even the rudiments of any alternatives interpretations and cannot judge in the matter; how many LWers have ever seriously looked at all the competing theories, or could even name many alternatives? (
Collapse, MWI, uh…
), much less could discuss why they dislike pilot waves or whatever. Lacking any real understanding, they ought to simply adopt the expert consensus, where MWI seems to have a plurality or bare majority of adherents (with the very weak confidence that implies). Heuristics and cognitive biases: I am not very convinced that knowledge of heuristics & biases help in ordinary life. Feedback & learning are powerful tools in eliminating error, calibrating predictions, and justify committing what may look like the sunk cost fallacy; and feedback is what one gets in ordinary life.
Per Moravec’s paradox, where our knowledge of heuristics & biases will pay off most is in what Hanson would callFar
scenarios: evolutionary novel situations with few precedents and only costly or non-existent feedback. (For example, the question of whether artificial intelligence will be developed by 2040: it will only happen or not once, there are few comparable events, the consequences may be dramatic, and our ordinary lives offer no useful insights.) As it happens, this describes much of futurism & forecasting but we cannot justify our futurism by claiming its techniques are incredibly valuable in ordinary life!- Cryonics girl: The donations appall me, for reasons I lay out at length there - they are a complete abandonment of core ideas like utilitarianism & optimal philanthropy.
Alicorn’s
Living Luminously
paradigm struck me as dubious, not backed by even token research, and likely idiosyncratic to her; I thought her Luminosity e-novel was merely OK despite the endless discussions on LW (rivaling those for Methods of Rationality itself) and that her followup, Radiance, was just terrible. Nevertheless, her novel career seems to continue.
- MWI: I think that LWers who were persuaded by Eliezer’s MWI writings are wrong to do so, as they are unfamiliar with even the rudiments of any alternatives interpretations and cannot judge in the matter; how many LWers have ever seriously looked at all the competing theories, or could even name many alternatives? (
There is a moderately funny story about how Gerard came to write it, based on my musical incompetence.↩
That is, summing up the (surviving) edits of my various accounts over the years: User:Gwern, User:Marudubshinki, & User:Rhwawn↩
Compare the CSE results with the Google Results for the anime Wings of Honnêamise. Which is more useful for an editor? For more details, see my release announcement.↩
See also
Actively Open-Minded Thinking Scale
,Clarity Scale
,Engagement with Beauty
, &a measure of what types of stories you enjoy
.↩See also
Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory
. Brent W. Roberts criticizes these two inventories when used to measure Conscientiousness.↩See also
Relational Mobility scale
,Empathizing and Systemizing scales
&Rational vs Experiential Inventory
.↩See also
Self-Report Psychopathy Scale
.↩See also
Experience in Purchasing Behavior Scale
&Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills
.↩For further reading on overconfidence, see all LW articles so tagged. I once read in a book of a study in which subjects were asked to generate ideas for, IIRC, putting out a fire, and to stop only when they were convinced they had thought up all good ones, and usually stopping when they had thought up only a third; but I have been unable to refind it and would appreciate knowing details if this description rings any bells for a reader.↩
For example, my clean-up and extension of the
browse-urlmodule was completely rewritten by RMS; so I can hardly take credit there.↩Henceforth, this implies I have a commit-bit (or equivalent) for that project.↩
Henceforth,
cleanup
should be taken as referring to extensive miscellaneous changes which include (in no particular order):- fixing GHC’s `-Wall or hlint warnings
- replacing OPTION pragmas with LANGUAGE pragmas
- tracking down licensing information
- switching from Haskell98 imports to the standard hierarchical module imports
- eg.
import Char ->import Data.Char; nontrivial in some cases where Haskell98 modules were dispersed
- eg.
- reorganizing the file tree
- improving the Cabalization
- whitespace formatting, and so on.
Henceforth, this typically implies that I uploaded it to Hackage as well↩
Henceforth, this implies that I made whatever changes necessary to get it compiling on GHC 6.8.x and 6.10.x↩

